三维图像及宫腹腔镜手术录像在留学生教学中的应用

目的 探讨三维图像及宫腹腔镜手术录像在留学生教学中的应用。方法 选取山东第一医科大学国际交流学院2018—2019 学年的91 名留学生,将其随机分为两组,分别为对照组（n=45）和试验组（n=46）,对照组采用传统教学方法,试验组将“三维图像”及腹腔镜录像应用于教学过程中,通过发放问卷、实践及理论考试成绩及师生访谈等方式进行效果评价。结果 试验组学生期末笔试及格率为100.0%,高于对照组的84.4%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,问卷结果提示超过50%的学生认为采用三维图像及宫腹腔镜手术录像的教学方式优于传统教学方式,师生访谈提示试验组学生对教学方式的满意度为95.65%,高于对照组的64.44%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 三维图像及宫腹腔镜手术录像能够真实有效显示盆底解剖学形态、结构及病理变化,有利于提高留学生教学的教学质量和教学效率。     

单侧游离端附着体义齿三维光弹模型的建立

目的建立三维光弹模型,为研究游离端附着体义齿和其它义齿对支持组织的应力分布提供实验基础.方法以硅橡胶为模具用环氧树脂作为模型主材料,软衬材料制作牙周膜,硫化硅橡胶替代牙槽嵴黏膜,树脂塑料形成基牙外形.义齿完成就位后先测二维光弹应力应后加载升温冻结切片,完成三维光弹应力测试.结果建立的下颌单侧游离缺失光弹模型无初应力,透光性好;具有良好冻结性能,为应力测试提供了清晰的图像.结论三维光弹模型是研究功能状态下口腔修复体应力大小和分布的一种有效实验手段.     

数字化成形三维钛网在颅骨缺损修补手术中的应用

目的比较预塑球形钛网和数字化成形三维钛网修补颅骨缺损的临床效果,探讨数字化成形三维钛网在颅骨修补手术中的操作要点及应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2001年8月至2009年1月155例采用预塑球形钛网行颅骨修补术的患者临床资料,与2009年2月至2013年3月83例采用数字化成形三维钛网行颅骨修补术的患者临床资料进行比较。结果手术时间:预塑钛网组(125±8)min,三维钛网组(98±6)min,预塑钛网组平均手术时间明显长于三维钛网组(P0.05);使用钛钉数量:预塑钛网组(11.8±1.5)个,三维钛网组(8.3±1.2)个,预塑钛网组平均使用钛钉数量明显多于三维钛网组(P0.05);外观满意度:预塑钛网组(7.30±0.21)分,三维钛网组(10.00±0.00)分,预塑钛网组外观满意度明显低于三维钛网组(P0.05);术后并发症:预塑钛网组共19例,发生率12.26%,三维钛网组共3例,发生率3.61%,预塑钛网组术后并发症明显高于三维钛网组(P0.05)。结论采用数字化成形三维钛网修补颅骨缺损具有手术时间短,使用钛钉数量少,外观满意度高,术后并发症少优点,是目前颅骨修补手术的首选材料,应该在临床推广应用。     

The Pathophysiological Link between Right Atrial Remodeling and Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Study

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实时三维超声心动图定量评价心肌梗死犬多巴酚丁胺负荷实验中左室容积的变化

目的　应用实时三维超声心动图 (RT- 3DE)定量评价心肌梗死犬多巴酚丁胺负荷实验 (DSE)过程中左室容积的变化。方法　建立犬急性心肌梗死模型。分别对 12条犬在冠脉结扎前及冠脉结扎 180 min-再灌注 30 min后行 DSE。应用 RT- 3DE获取犬静息 (rest)及输注多巴酚丁胺 (Dob) 5、 10、 2 0、 30、 4 0 μg/ (kg·min)及终止后 5 min时 (recovry)的 RT- 3DE容积数据库 ,根据心尖长轴 8平面法勾画左室舒张末期容积 (L VEDV)及收缩末期容积 (L VESV) ;计算其从静息至峰值负荷时的容积变化分数 ΔVLVEDV%及 ΔVL VESV%。结果　 (1)冠脉结扎前 :随 Dob剂量的逐级增加 ,平均 L VEDV和 L VESV明显减小 ;冠脉结扎 180 min-再灌注 30 min后 :平均 L VEDV和 L VESV在 Dob<2 0 μg/ (kg· min)时也呈减小趋势 ,但在 Dob≥ 2 0 μg/ (kg·min)时则明显增大。两者呈不同的变化趋势 ;(2 )冠脉结扎前及冠脉结扎 180 min-再灌注 30 min后平均ΔVL VEDV%分别为 14 .75 %及 7.95 % (n=12 ,P=0 .0 0 1) ;平均 ΔVLVESV%分别为 39.86 %及 2 0 .75 % (n=12 ,P<0 .0 0 1)。后者明显小于前者。结论　通过应用 RT- 3DE分析 DSE过程中左室容积的变化 ,可以区分正常犬与心肌梗死犬。     

动态增强三维血管成像MR技术在腹部肿瘤诊断中的作用

目的探讨动态增强三维血管成像技术(3D CE-MRA)在诊断腹部肿瘤中的价值.方法 26例腹部良恶性肿瘤患者行常规MRI与3D CE-MRA,对3D CE-MRA病灶检出率、对比噪声比(CNR)进行比较,统计其肿瘤的动静脉显示率,并观察肿瘤不同增强时相的表现.结果共41个病灶,在实质脏器37个病灶中,T2WI检出29个,B超检出30个,3D CE-MRA动脉期检出34个,其病灶检出率高于T2WI和B超.肝内肿瘤CNR,T2WI为21±3.8,3D CE-MRA动脉期为13±4.6(P＜0.05),静脉期为19±3.3(P＞0.05),延迟期为23±2.5(P＜0.05).肝外肿瘤CNR, T2WI为15±5.8,3D CE-MRA动脉期为18±4.3(P＜0.05),静脉期为20±6.1(P＜0.05),延迟期CNR为21±4.8(P＜0.05),3D CE-MRA CNR等于或高于T2WI,其肿瘤动脉显示率为80.4%,静脉显示率为26.8%,能显示肿瘤不同时相的强化特点.结论 3D CE-MRA对腹部肿瘤检出率高,能显示肿瘤血管与组织强化特点,为诊断腹部肿瘤有价值的方法.     

乳腺肿瘤三维超声血管容积指数与病理微血管密度相关性研究

目的研究乳腺肿瘤三维超声血管容积指数(VI)与病理微血管密度(MVD)的相关性。方法应用Tomtec 3D Sono ScanPro1.2对42例乳腺肿瘤进行三维重建,计算肿瘤的三维血管容积指数,对手术后的标本进行抗CD34因子免疫组化染色,测定肿瘤微血管密度。结果乳腺肿瘤的三维超声成像图立体感明显,其三维血管容积指数与病理微血管密度呈线性正相关,相关系数为rVI=0.90,P<0.001。结论VI能够较准确地反映乳腺肿瘤血管生成,对于乳腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断、乳腺癌的预后有着重要的临床应用价值。     

静态结构三维成像中磁场空间定位自由扫查与机械驱动扫查的比较

本实验研究将磁场空间定位自由扫查（Free-handscanning，以下简称自由扫查）与机械驱动扫查进行定量比较以探讨自由扫查技术在静态结构三维超声成像中的准确性和优越性。研究对象为一个几何模型和离体正常羊肾。采用五种扫查方式采集二维图像，即机械驱动平行扫查，自由平行扫查，自由扇形扫查，自由波动扫查，自由往返扫查。结果表明，使用四种不同自由扫查方式时，几何模型和离体羊肾的三维成像均与机械驱动平行扫查所成图像以及实物在三维形态和定量测值方面无明显差异（P＞0．05）。因此，自由扫查三维超声成像不仅准确可靠，而且采样操作方便灵活，具有良好的临床应用前景。     

Altered trunk movements during gait in children with spastic diplegia: Compensatory or underlying trunk control deficit?

Altered trunk movements during gait in children with CP are considered compensatory due to lower limb impairments, although scientific evidence for this assumption has not yet been provided. This study aimed to study the functional relation between trunk and lower limb movement deficits during gait in children with spastic diplegia. Therefore, the relationship between trunk control in sitting, and trunk and lower limb movements during gait was explored in 20 children with spastic diplegia (age 9.2 ± 3 yrs; GMFCS level I n = 10, level II n = 10). Trunk control in sitting was assessed with the Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS), a clinical measure that reflects the presence of an underlying trunk control deficit. Trunk movements during gait were measured with a recently developed trunk model including the pelvis, thorax, head, shoulder line and spine. Lower limb movements were assessed with the Plug-in-Gait model (Vicon®). Range of motion (ROM) of the different trunk segments was calculated, as well as the Trunk Profile Score (TPS) and Trunk Variable Scores (TVSs). Similarly, the Gait Profile Score (GPS) and Gait Variable Scores (GVSs) were calculated to describe altered lower limb movements during gait. Correlation analyses were performed between the presence of impaired trunk control in sitting (TCMS) and altered trunk movements during gait (ROM, TPS/TVSs) and between these altered trunk movements and lower limb movements (GPS/GVSs) during gait. A poorer performance on the TCMS correlated with increased ROM and TPS/TVSs, particularly for the thorax, indicating the presence of an underlying trunk control deficit. No significant correlation was found between the TPS and GPS, suggesting that overall trunk and lower limb movement deficits were not strongly associated. Only few correlations between specific lower limb deficits (GVSs for hip ab/adduction, knee flexion/extension and ankle flexion/extension) and TVSs for thorax lateral bending and rotation were found. This study provided first evidence that the altered trunk movements observed during gait should not be solely considered compensatory due to lower limb impairments, but that these may also partially reflect an underlying trunk control deficit. A better understanding of underlying trunk control deficits in children with CP may facilitate targeted therapy planning and ultimately can optimize a child's functionality.